Eternal universe in dynamic equilibrium

Abstract

Big Bang cosmology is problematic because of the hypothetical beginning that is not in accord with the conservation of energy. Furthermore, it is based on the interpretation of astronomical data that is questionable. Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is not direct proof of the existence of the recombination period in some remote physical past. Cosmological redshift can be seen as the “tired light effect” proposed by Zwicky [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 15, 773 (1929)]. Based on direct reading of astronomical data, here we introduce a model of the universe, which predicts that in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the centers of galaxies, matter is transforming back into the elementary particles in the form of huge jets that are throwing elementary particles into the intergalactic space and so creating “fresh material” for new stars formation. This process occurring in AGNs, invoked by our model, has no beginning, and it is in permanent dynamic equilibrium, non-created, which means the universe is eternal. The entropy of the universe as a whole is constant.