Three Years After Transplants in Human Mandibles, Histological and In-Line Holotomography Revealed That Stem Cells Regenerated a Compact Rather Than a Spongy Bone: Biological and Clinical Implications

Author:

Giuliani Alessandra1,Manescu Adrian1,Langer Max234,Rustichelli Franco1,Desiderio Vincenzo56,Paino Francesca6,De Rosa Alfredo7,Laino Luigi7,d'Aquino Riccardo7,Tirino Virginia6,Papaccio Gianpaolo6

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Odontostomatologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Biologia e Fisica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy

2. Creatis, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France

3. Université CB, Lyon, France

4. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France

5. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Center for Organogenesis of Complex Tissues, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

6. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia e Medicina Rigenerativa, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy

7. Dipartimento di Odontostomatologia, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy

Abstract

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells deriving from dental pulp differentiate into osteoblasts capable of producing bone. In previous studies, we extensively demonstrated that, when seeded on collagen I scaffolds, these cells can be conveniently used for the repair of human mandible defects. Here, we assess the stability and quality of the regenerated bone and vessel network 3 years after the grafting intervention, with conventional procedures and in-line holotomography, an advanced phase-imaging method using synchrotron radiation that offers improved sensitivity toward low-absorbing structures. We found that the regenerated tissue from the graft sites was composed of a fully compact bone with a higher matrix density than control human alveolar spongy bone from the same patient. Thus, the regenerated bone, being entirely compact, is completely different from normal alveolar bone. Although the bone regenerated at the graft sites is not of the proper type found in the mandible, it does seem to have a positive clinical impact. In fact, it creates steadier mandibles, may well increase implant stability, and, additionally, may improve resistance to mechanical, physical, chemical, and pharmacological agents.

Funder

Second University of Naples

European Union

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Developmental Biology,General Medicine

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