Radiographic Differentiation of Cranial Mediastinal Lymphomas from Thymic Epithelial Tumors in Dogs and Cats

Author:

Oura Trisha J.1,Hamel Philip E.1,Jennings Samuel H.1,Bain Perry J.1,Jennings Dennis E.1,Berg John1

Affiliation:

1. From the Department of Clinical Sciences (T.J.O., P.E.H., J.B.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.H.J., P.J.B.), Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts; and Independent Consultant, Libertyville, Illinois (D.E.J.).

Abstract

ABSTRACT In both dogs and cats, the most common cranial mediastinal masses (CMMs) are lymphoma and thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Pretreatment differentiation of these tumors using fine needle aspiration or biopsy is essential because lymphomas are treated medically, whereas TETs are treated surgically. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether thoracic radiographic findings can be used to aid clinicians in preliminarily differentiating the two tumor types before cytology or histopathology results become available. Medical records, available cytologic or histologic samples, and thoracic radiographs were evaluated for 62 dogs and 28 cats. Seventeen radiographic criteria were assessed by two examiners, and regression modeling was performed to test for significant predictors of tumor type. In dogs, CMMs with at least two well-defined radiographic margins on a lateral view and CMMs causing a rightward shift of the cardiac silhouette on a ventrodorsal or dorsoventral view were significantly more likely to be TETs than lymphomas (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). No significant predictive variables were identified in cats. Radiographic findings do not eliminate the need for invasive sampling, but in dogs, they may guide the clinician in providing preliminary information to owners regarding the staging and therapeutic measures that may eventually be recommended.

Publisher

American Animal Hospital Association

Subject

Small Animals

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1. Advances in Minimally Invasive Procedures of the Thoracic Cavity;Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice;2024-07

2. Computed Tomographic Features of Thymus in Dogs: Correlation with Age, Gender, Breed and Body Fat Content;Veterinary Sciences;2023-06-28

3. Adrenal Glands and Lymph Nodes;Atlas of Small Animal Diagnostic Imaging;2023-02-03

4. Thymic squamous cell carcinoma in a cat.;Open Veterinary Journal;2022

5. Cranial Mediastinal Thyroglossal Duct Adenocarcinoma in a Dog;Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association;2021-10-04

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