Cursing the daēvas as an Example of Verbal Aggression in the Zoroastrian “Declaration of Faith”?

Author:

Paraskiewicz Kinga

Abstract

This article examines the notion of verbal aggression evident in Zoroastrian prayers. Although one may be surprised that a declaration of Zoroastrian faith, called Fravarānē (Yasna 12), begins with the words “I hate / abhor / am disgusted” instead of “I believe,” cursing (nifrīn kunišn) the demons is a pious religious act.

Publisher

Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. z.o.o.

Reference30 articles.

1. Primary sources

2. Geldner, K. F. 1896. Avesta, the Sacred Books of the Parsis. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer. http://avesta.org/yasna/yasna_mithra.htm#y12 (accessed on 12.10.2023).

3. Kanga, E. K. E. 1936 [first edition 1880]. Khordeh Avesta Bā-Māyeni (text and translation in Gujarati). Digitalized version available on the website of Avesta–Zoroastraian Archives: https://www.avesta.org/kanga/ka_english_kanga_epub.pdf (accessed 12.10.2023).

4. Kanga, E. K. E. 2014. Khordeh Avestā Comprising Ashem, Yatha, the Five Nyāyeshes, the Five Gāhs, Vispa Humata, Nām Setāyeshne, Patet Pashemānee, All the Nirangs, Bājs, and Namaskars, and Sixteen Yashts. Transliterated and Translated into English with Copious Explanatory Notes Prepared by Prof. Ervad Maneck Furdoonji Kanga M.A. from the Gujarati Original Khordeh-Avestā-Bā-Māyeni of Ervad Kavasji Edulji Kanga (First Edition Published in 1880 and Thirteenth Edition in 1976; First Edition in English. 1362 A.Y. – 1993 A.C. Corrected Edition 1382 A.Y. – 2014 A.C. Bombay: Jenaz Printers).

5. “Kem Na Mazda” – Invoking Divine Protection. In: Parsi Times. February 18, 2017. https://parsi-times.com/2017/02/kem-na-mazda-invoking-divine-protection/ (accessed on 12.10.2023).

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