1. Ruth Lindquist is a professor and the senior associate dean for academic affairs and administration at University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minn.
2. Mary Fran Tracy is a critical care clinical nurse specialist at Fairview-University Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minn, and an adjunct assistant professor at University of Minnesota School of Nursing.
3. Kay Savik is a biostatistician and research fellow at University of Minnesota School of Nursing.
4. Shigeaki Watanuki was a senior scientist at University of Minnesota School of Nursing when this article was written and is now an associate professor at Aino University School of Nursing, Osaka, Japan.