Using a Collaborative Weaning Plan to Decrease Duration of Mechanical Ventilation and Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit for Patients Receiving Long-Term Ventilation

Abstract

• Background Patients requiring mechanical ventilation for prolonged periods typically are sicker and have more comorbid illnesses than do patients who can be weaned more rapidly. As a result, the weaning process is often complex, requiring shared decision making by a skilled, multidisciplinary team. Unfortunately, many of the structures used in critical care units to plan and evaluate care do not lend themselves to collaborative management of patients. • Objective To evaluate the effect of a collaborative weaning plan on outcomes, including duration of mechanical ventilation, for patients treated with mechanical ventilation for 7 days or more. • Methods A collaborative weaning plan (weaning board and flow sheet) was introduced into the medical intensive care unit at the University of California Los Angeles, Medical Center. A historical design was used to compare outcomes before and after the plan was used. The primary outcome variable was duration of mechanical ventilation. Other outcomes studied included length of stay in the unit, cost, prevalence of complications (ie, reventilation, readmission to the intensive care unit), and mortality rate. • Results The collaborative weaning plan decreased duration of ventilation by 4.9 days (P = .02) and decreased median length of stay in the unit by 4.5 days (P = .004). The median cost per stay in the unit decreased from $50 462 to $37 330 (P = .004). The prevalence of complications did not differ significantly between groups. • Conclusions Collaborative structures (eg, weaning boards, flow sheets) are useful in decreasing duration of mechanical ventilation for patients receiving long-term ventilation.