1. Kristin E. Sandau is an associate professor, Department of Nursing, Bethel University, St Paul, Minnesota, and a part-time staff nurse in cardiovascular progressive care at United Hospital in St Paul. She is an instructor in electrocardiography courses for Allina Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
2. Maureen Smith is a clinical nurse specialist in critical care in the Nasseff Heart Center at United Hospital. She directs critical care orientation at United Hospital and teaches electrocardiography courses for Allina Hospitals and Clinics.