Control of Traumatic Extremity Hemorrhage

Abstract

Although most extremity hemorrhage from trauma can be controlled with direct pressure and/or pressure dressings, the occasional uncontrolled hemorrhage can be life threatening. Tools that may be able to control such life-threatening extremity hemorrhage include hemostatic dressings, tourniquets, and several new devices that have recently become available. Hemostatic dressings, a relatively new concept, incorporate materials that increase coagulation into a dressing that is applied directly to the wound. Although the use of tourniquets has a long history, recent military conflicts have provided numerous studies that supported and refined their use. The novel extremity hemorrhage control devices effectively control bleeding in one of several ways: direct compression, arterial compression above the level of injury, and sealing the wounds’ edges, creating a hematoma.