1. See generally Christian Joppke, ‘Citizenship between De- and Re-Ethnicization’ (2003) 44European Journal of Sociology429.
2. In Political Liberalism, Rawls presents stability as part of a two-stage reasoning process in his theory of justice. In the first stage, the theory is a ‘freestanding’ moral and political conception. In the second stage, the freestanding conception must be revised unless it meets the criterion of stability; for Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, this includes the requirements that ‘citizens acquire a normally sufficient sense of justice so that they generally comply with these institutions [formulated at the first stage]… [and that] the political conception can be the focus of an overlapping consensus'. In particular, it is necessary that ‘those who grow up under just basic institutions acquire a sense of justice and a reasoned allegiance to those institutions sufficient to render them stable'. John Rawls,Political Liberalism(Harvard University Press, 1996) 139–40, 142.
3. Philip Pettit and Chandran Kukathas,Rawls: A Theory of Justice and its Critics(Polity Press, 1990) 9.