1. Opened for signature 10 December 1982, 1833 UNTS 3 (entered into force 16 November 1994).
2. (1876) 2 Ex D 63, 13 Cox Crim Cas 403, 47 LJMC 17.
3. G Marston, ‘The Evolution of the Concept of Sovereignty over the Bed and Subsoil of the Territorial Sea’ (1976) 48 British Year Book of International Law 321, 321.
4. Similar claims were also made by Sweden, Denmark and Poland, but were of a different timbre, being intended to convert the Baltic into a closed sea into which the ships of non-Baltic nations could enter by paying a tariff. Proprietary claims were also made by Italian principalities such as Venice in the Adriatic Sea and Genoa in the Ligurian Sea: JHW Verzijl,International Law in Historical Perspective(AW Sijthoff 1971) vol 4, 11–27; D P O'Connell,The International Law of the Sea(Clarendon Press 1982) vol 1, 2–3. For a wider history of the juridical history of the territorial sea, including its Roman law antecedents, see P Fenn, ‘Origins of the Theory of Territorial Waters' (1926) 20 American Journal of International Law 465. For a history of the territorial sea as it developed in Asia, see R P Anand,Origin and Development of the Law of the Sea: History of International Law Revisited(Martinus Nijhoff 1983).