1. Associate Professor in Law, Co-Director, Centre for Intellectual Property Policy and Management (CIPPM), UK.This paper is based on research carried out for the UK Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO) Commissioned Project on the Intellectual Property Implications of 3D Printing (2014) and is a follow-up paper to '“Clone Wars”: Episode I—The Rise of 3D Printing and its Implications for Intellectual Property Law: Learning Lessons from the Past?’ (2013) 35(3) European Intellectual Property Review 155. All...