The material self-assessment of the Tuvan families in the context of the poverty studies (based on the materials of sociological research)

Abstract

The article analyzes the features of the material self-assessment of Tuvan families in dynamics based on the results of sociological studies conducted in the Republic of Tuva in 2019 and 2021, as well as statistical data on a sample survey of households. This issue is considered in the context of the study of the causes and level, socio-demographic profile of poverty in the region. The results of the research show that the main causes of poverty in the republic are both economic (structural) factors, such as high unemployment, low income, as well as average per capita income, which is influenced by a high level of childbearing in the families of the republic, unlike many subjects of the Russian Federation, and behavioral models that do not contribute to the search for additional income and savings. It is indicative of the fact that in the structure of the income of the population of the Republic of Tuva, the share of social payments is high compared to the indicators for Russia and the Siberian Federal District. In comparison with 2019, in 2021, in the self-assessment of the financial situation of the population of the Republic of Tuva, within the framework of sociological studies, there is a positive trend in two indicators: those who believed that "there is not enough money even for food" became less by 5,5%, the group that «has enough money for everything, except for such expensive purchases as an apartment, a house» became more by 1,6%. The new types of state social transfers to families with children over the past two years have positively affected the financial situation of families with children, however, social transfers, as well as regional social programs (projects), do not eliminate the economic (structural) and behavioral causes of poverty. The article also presents the socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the least affluent group of the population.