Clinical Decision Algorithm Associated With Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract

Context Understanding the factors that predict return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction facilitates clinical decision making. Objective To develop a clinical decision algorithm that could predict RTS and non-RTS based on the differences in the variables after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 150 athletes in any sport involving deceleration, jumping, cutting, or turning enrolled in the study. All participants answered the International Knee Documentation Committee and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) questionnaires and performed balance and isokinetic tests. Main Outcome Measure(s) The classification and regression tree (CART) was used to determine the clinical decision algorithm associated with RTS at any level and RTS at the preinjury level. The diagnostic accuracy of the CART was verified. Results Of the 150 participants, 57.3% (n = 86) returned to sport at any level and 12% (n = 18) returned to sport at the preinjury level. The interactions among the peak torque extension at 300°/s >93.55 Nm, ACL-RSI score >27.05 (P = .06), and postoperative time >7.50 months were associated with RTS at any level identified by CART and were factors associated with RTS. An ACL-RSI score >72.85% was the main variable associated with RTS at the preinjury level. The interaction among an ACL-RSI score of 50.40% to 72.85%, agonist : antagonist ratio at 300°/s ≤63.6%, and anteroposterior stability index ≤2.4 in these participants was the second factor associated with RTS at the preinjury level. Conclusions Athletes who had more quadriceps strength tended to RTS at any level more quickly, even with less-than-expected psychological readiness. Regarding a return at the preinjury level, psychological readiness was the most important factor in not returning, followed by a better agonist : antagonist ratio and better balance.