Glomerulonephritis pattern based on renal biopsy at the tertiary center of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the glomerulonephritis pattern based on renal biopsies obtained from patients who attended King Abdulaziz University (KAU) hospital. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) hospital. Data were retrieved from the pathology registry of renal biopsies performed at KAU hospital between 2010-2018. Demographics, background data, and the result of the biopsy Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 23. Continuous data were expressed using mean ± SD. A P-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was determined to establish statistical significance. A Chi-square test was utilized to evaluate the association between categorical variables. In addition, a one-way ANOVA test was utilized when appropriate. Results: Among the 55 cases Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis (56%). Whereas lupus nephritis was the most prevalent pathology in the case of secondary glomerulonephritis (60%) with a female predominance, followed by anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis (16.7%) and diabetic nephropathy (13.3%). While IgA nephropathy represents (12%) of all the cases. Conclusion: Lupus nephritis is the prevalent cause of ESRD based on histopathology results. Lupus nephritis was the commonest cause of glomerulonephritis diseases with a female predominance. It is recommended that a nationwide multicenter study should be conducted to determine the current status, and ensure early intervention which will guide better planning and management of glomerulonephritis. This report should be considered an as urgent call to establish a national registry for glomerulonephritis renal biopsies.