Non-destructive control of roads by georadars (review article, part I)

Abstract

Relevance. The relevance of the studies outlined in the article is due to their focus on the implementation of the state strategy for ensuring the reliability and extending the resource of transport and engineering structures, the implementation of which is associated with the methods and means of obtaining information and processing it in real time; methods for assessing the state of engineering structures, a feature of which is a significant heterogeneity of geometric and physical-mechanical parameters, which complicates the use of diagnostic results. With the obvious advantages of wave sounding methods, their application is constrained by the complexity of the tasks of interpreting the results obtained and the associated errors in determining the parameters of structures; the multifactorial nature of the problems of evaluating the parameters of multicomponent materials of structures, the imperfection of flaw detection methods. Purpose of work – a review of the capabilities of modern georadars and means of processing ultra-wideband signals together with computer-oriented systems for numerical modeling, optimization of methods for processing georadar data for solving problems of detecting and identifying subsurface irregularities in building structures that are a flat-layered medium. Materials and methods. The first part of the article provides a brief overview of the main methods of processing data sets obtained using pulsed GPR. A new method of data processing using specialized software is proposed GeoVizy. The possibilities of using the methods of the modern theory of diffraction and methods of signal analysis in the space-time domain for solving the problems of flaw detection are also briefly considered. Results. The results obtained in this work are based on remote sensing data, proposed mathematical models and methods for processing sensing data. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of the capabilities of georadars, practical recommendations were proposed to improve the reliability of the data sets obtained, and possible directions for further research were substantiated. Conclusions. The results of numerical modeling and laboratory experiments obtained in this work confirmed the previously stated theoretical assumptions about the degree of influence of the key parameters of ultra-wideband GPR on the reliability of the results obtained. The significance of the new scientific results obtained consists not only in the use of new sensing means and new models of processing and subsequent interpretation of the data obtained, but also in the considered prospects for progress in the field of non-destructive testing and diagnostics.