Geoecological Assessment for The Structure of the Complex Green Zone of Ternopil City and its Optimization

Abstract

Modern processes of urbanization in the city of Ternopil are accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the natural component, compaction of building and reduction of green areas. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a geoecological assessment of the structure of plantings of the complex green zone of the city, as a factor of ecological safety of the urban ecosystem of Ternopil. Purpose. To assess the structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city and justify the priority straightways for its optimization. Methods. Descriptive, comparative-geographical, geoinformation, statistical, mathematical, geoecological analysis and optimization modelling. Results. During the geoecological assessment for the structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city, it was found that its total area is 9684 hectares, of which 2027 hectares – forest-park part and 7657 hectares – forestry part. The structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city is dominated by forests 64%, water bodies and swamps 18,5% and green planting 17,5%. It is determined that the normative area of the complex green zone of Ternopil city should be 13470 hectares, respectively, the deficit of green planting is 5813 hectares. In order to optimize the complex green zone of Ternopil city and bring its area to the normative indicators, the inclusion of perennial plantations in its structure is substantiated and a model of increasing forest cover due to eroded lands is developed. Implementation of such measures and change of purpose of separate land plots will allow to increase the area of forests in the forestry part of the complex green zone of Ternopil city by 3916 hectares and to reduce the erosion of arable lands by 40%. Conclusions. The optimal structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city will include 8823 hectares - forests, 1903 hectares - perennial plantations, 1419 hectares - water bodies and swamps, 577 hectares - green planting of common use, 433 hectares - special-purpose green planting and 321 hectares - green planting of restricted use. The total area of the complex green zone of Ternopil city will be 13476 hectares. This optimization model of the complex green zone of the city will contribute to its sustainable development and realization of the main functional potentials.