Assessment of the effect of heavy metals on the imbalance of growth processes

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the phytotoxic properties of model solutions of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu) on the growth of roots and sprouts of the test plants of oats Avena sativa L. as a representative of monocotyledonous cereals and radish Raphanus sativus L. as a representative of dicotyledonous broad-leaved plants. Methods. Statistical, model solutions, test plants, biotesting. Results. As a result of phytotoxicity of model solutions of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu on Avena sativa L. test plants, it was established that there is no imbalance of growth processes when using solutions with concentrations of 1 MPC and 5 MPC. With an increase in the concentration of model solutions, there is a gradual inhibition of the growth of sprouts and especially the roots of the test objects. The most toxic effect on the test object, according to the research results, was caused by Cd - a phytotoxic effect from weak to strong was observed under the influence of different concentrations of model solutions. Experimental determination of the phytotoxic properties of model solutions of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu on test plants Raphanus sativus L. showed that the imbalance of growth processes is absent only when using solutions with concentrations of 1 MPC and 5 MPC Cu, i.e. practically without exceeding the regulatory requirements for soil quality. Model solutions of Cd and Cu 40 MPC had the highest degree of imbalance in the growth processes of the test plants Raphanus sativus L. – strong for the experimental study we conducted. Conclusions. Biodiagnostics using Raphanus sativus L. test plants revealed signs of toxic effects where Avena sativa L. test plants did not experience inhibition, or the determined phytotoxic properties of the model solutions were lower, which is determined by the imbalance of growth processes. The above-mentioned discrepancies between the results of biodiagnostics of model solutions with the help of different test cultures make it possible to assert that it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive indicator for determining the phytotoxic properties of the studied samples, with the help of which it is possible to level such discrepancies.