Clinical and experimental studies of tissues in thermal injuries

Abstract

The article is devoted to studies used in the clinic and in the experiment in the study of tissue damage caused by exposure to high temperature. Determining the area and depth of tissue damage during thermal injury is of fundamental importance not only for treatment, but also for prognosis. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry, magnetic resonance imaging, pH-metry, contactless infrared thermometry of burn wounds, the method of assessing tissue viability based on the study of dielectric parameters allows to evaluate the viability and the state of damaged tissues in dynamics. The importance of tissue research methods for establishing an accurate diagnosis, assessing the readiness of wounds for autodermoplasty and determining the extent of surgical interventions is shown. The use of morphological methods in experimental studies and in the treatment of victims with burns is substantiated. Using histological and cytological methods, the condition of the burn wound is monitored, the efficacy of surgical interventions and the use of therapeutic agents is evaluated, the wound process phase is determined, and medical tactics is planned. The histochemical method is used to study the composition and state of the tissues of a burn wound paranecrosis area, and the immunohistochemical method is used to assess the intensity of regeneration processes by determining the tissue proliferation and differentiation markers. Ultramicroscopic examination of tissues at different times after thermal injury is informative for understanding the dynamics of pathomorphological changes in burns. Review of the pathogenesis of burn disease, taking into account the data of ultramicroscopic studies, creates the prospect of developing methods for targeted correction of the condition of patients with burns at the subcellular level. The role of experimental studies in the investigation of thermal damage, preclinical trials of medicinal products used to influence the wound process, improving the existing methods and developing the new ones for treatment of burn injury has been determined.