Clinical and neurological features of cerebrovascular diseases in men who suffered from COVID-19 (dynamic observation)

Abstract

Background. Gender differences in the epidemiology of CVD depend on the patient’s age, as the influence of gender on the risk of CVD and its outcome varies throughout life. In childhood and early adulthood, males have a higher incidence of CVS and have worse functional outcomes than females. In middle age, the frequency of CVS in women begins to increase simultaneously with menopause and the loss of female sex hormones. After middle age, the incidence of CVD in women continues to increase, with reports of a higher incidence of acute CVD in older women (age > 85 years) compared to older men. The problem of an in-depth study of the gender specifics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the context of the recent global pandemic of COVID-19, which has had severe socio-economic consequences, is very relevant. Purpose – to study the clinical and neurological features of cerebrovascular diseases in men who suffered from COVID-19 during dynamic observation. Materials and Methods. A clinical and neurological examination was conducted in the dynamics of 24 men who had a history of verified CVS and during the last 12 months suffered from COVID-19 of varying degrees of severity. Mathematical processing of the results was carried out using the «Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-2020» using the Smirnov homogeneity test, Fisher’s point test, and the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results. Dynamic observation of clinical and neurological manifestations in men with cerebrovascular disease and documented transmission of COVID-19 within 12 months was carried out. Issues such as distribution by age, severity of COVID-19 and age-dependent features of indicators of the severity of the previously transmitted disease, commitment to vaccination, dynamics of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, distribution of stages of chronic brain ischemia in the group of men were studied, as a result of which statistically significant changes in clinical – neurological manifestations in the form of increased vestibulo-atactic, vegetative disorders and changes in the psycho-emotional sphere. This will make it possible to develop rehabilitation measures, to improve the methodologies of primary and secondary prevention of acute vascular disasters in a group of men with cerebrovascular diseases who previously suffered from COVID-19 of varying degrees of severity. Conclusions. Most of the researched were in the middle-aged group, had a mild course of the transferred COVID-19, there were fewer vaccinated men. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and insomnia were the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients, in descending order. There is a statistically significant increase in complaints within the framework of manifestations of vestibular, vegetative disorders and changes in the psycho-emotional sphere with an increase in complaints of irritability in comparison with the data of 2022 and 2023.