Peculiarities of rehabilitation of patients after combat craniocerebral trauma

Abstract

Introduction: The urgency of the situation on the territory of Ukraine has taken on an exceptionally crucial character. After a large-scale invasion and deployment of military operations, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of cases of mine-explosive injuries, shrapnel wounds, and gunshot injuries. Specifically, combat traumatic brain injury (combat TBI) has emerged as one of the most pressing issues. According to statistical data, combat TBI constitutes half of all reported injuries and holds paramount significance for public health. It arises due to mechanical damage to the skull or its internal components (vessels, nerves, brain membranes, and the brain itself). Importantly, the severity of combat TBI consequences depends on the degree and nature of the injury, potentially causing disruptions in the functioning of vital body systems. Accompanying traumatic brain injuries can lead to serious complications, such as disruptions in cerebral blood circulation, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, brain swelling, and more. The choice of treatment methods depends on the severity of the injury. For milder cases, like concussions, conservative treatment is applied. Severe injuries, including open head injuries, might require surgical intervention. After the surgical procedure, patients necessitate rehabilitation measures to restore bodily functions. During the postoperative period, rehabilitation interventions take on special significance, aiming to restore physical and psychological functions of the affected individual. This may encompass physiotherapy, speech therapy sessions, psychotherapy, and other methods of gentle therapy. Thus, combat traumatic brain injury poses a serious threat to the health and lives of individuals who have been affected during military operations. Achieving effective treatment and rehabilitation within this context stands as a crucial task for the medical community.