Algorithm for the selection of elements of the preventive program in the educational environment

Abstract

Background. Reforming of the school education system, intensification of the educational process, introduction of new forms of education, global informatization, intensified by negative lifestyle changes, leads to the formation of school stress and an increase in morbidity among schoolchildren, which will require the implementation of preventive programs and interventions aimed at health-risky behavior. Purpose – to determine the most significant elements of a comprehensive preventive program of diseases related to the lifestyle of schoolchildren in the conditions of a differentiated approach to the prevention of non-infectious diseases. Materials and Methods. There were 216 schoolchildren aged 12–14 who took part in the study. The assessment of the state of health was carried out based on the results of preventive medical examinations and the data of the diagnostic method «Screening survey on the state of health of schoolchildren». Results. The article provides data on the level of pathological lesion among elementary school pupils, which has reached 1683.5‰ with a high prevalence of endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular pathology, eye and accessory apparatus diseases. According to the results of the study of the organization of the schoolchildrens’ daily routine, a high percentage of non-compliance with the standard duration of sleep, regular performance of the hardening procedures, morning gymnastics, a decrease in the volume of motor activity, especially on weekends, high visual load was established. Using conjugation tables and the Chi-square test according to McNemar’s method, the impact of adherence to a healthy lifestyle on the health of schoolchildren according to certain nosological groups was evaluated. Based on the data of screening diagnosis of pathological conditions, the level of ill health and the risk of the formation of a pathological lesion were determined, which was calculated according to the normalized coefficient of determination. According to the group of pathological conditions, the optimal set of primary preventive measures to improve the daily regimen was selected. Conclusions. Screening examinations contribute to the identification of the main risk factors, the formation of cause-and-effect relationships between certain differences in lifestyle and health disorders and can be considered as an effective component of a complex of preventive measures. The most significant measures for the prevention of non-infectious diseases are the duration of night sleep, hardening procedures, the duration of walks, and the most «sensitive» to their influence is the pathology of the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.