TRENDS IN DEVELOPING THE MAIN SEGMENTS OF UKRAINE'S SEA FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION MARKET

Abstract

The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine led to the destruction of critical infrastructure, the termination of port operations in Ukraine, the disruption of regional logistics, the rise in fuel prices, and the increase in ship and cargo insurance costs. It contributed to the restriction of trade in the Black Sea region. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine hinders trade and changes logistics in and throughout the Black Sea region. As a result, the search for alternative trade routes for Ukrainian goods quickly increased the demands on land and sea transport infrastructure and services. The work aims to identify trends in developing the main segments of the Ukrainian sea freight transportation market in current business conditions. To solve the tasks, the following methods were used: comparative analysis and grouping - in the study of general trends of the Ukrainian sea freight transportation market; systemic structural analysis - when studying the state and determining the prospects of tanker, container, and dry cargo transportation in Ukraine. An analysis of the general trends of the Ukrainian sea freight transport market was carried out. In addition, the state and prospects of tanker, container, and dry cargo transportation in Ukraine have been studied in detail. The tanker transportation sector was the most affected. Tanker transportation in Ukraine was suspended. Shipping companies engaged in the transportation of containers have stopped work in Ukrainian seaports. At the same time, a slight increase in the volume of container transportation was observed in the ports of countries bordering Ukraine. The complete blockade of Ukrainian seaports and the destruction and damage of infrastructure facilities made it impossible for dry cargo ships to reach Ukrainian ports. With Ukrainian seaports blocked and port operations suspended, grain exports from Ukraine were limited to shipments through western borders, rail, and small ports. The issue was partially resolved only within the framework of signing documents regarding the implementation of the Initiative on the safe transportation of agricultural products from three Ukrainian ports. The article outlines the critical factors in developing the maritime cargo transportation market in Ukraine during the post-war period of economic development.