REGIONAL ASPECTS OF FINANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF GSSS BONDS

Abstract

Implementing the concept of social responsibility at various levels has led to the growth of ESG investing, focusing on environmental, social and governance factors. Impact investing goes beyond ESG, focusing on the assessment of contributions to meeting the needs of society and protecting the environment. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for global action, bringing together the financial and organizational efforts of stakeholders. The economic aspects of implementing projects in sustainable development and social responsibility are represented by a wide list of financial instruments designed to ensure the accumulation of funds and their direction in relevant development directions. Green, Social, Sustainable and Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLB) formed the so-called GSSS pool, which formed the basis for responsible investing. Global ESG assets are expected to exceed $40 trillion by 2030. USD. The European Union, thanks to strong institutional support, led the upward trend of active use of GSSS bonds and became the leader of developed markets. Green, social, sustainable and sustainable development bonds play an important role in financing the SDGs. The structure of GSSS is dominated by green bonds, which are associated with a high risk of climate change. Despite the difficulties, supranational institutions are driving responsible investment trends, focusing on the environmental component. Emerging markets, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, are showing resilience in green bond issuance, with growth projected through 2027. A comparative analysis of placement and direction of loan funds was conducted in a geographical section, between issuers and developed, emerging and supranational markets. The use of proceeds from GSS bonds demonstrates the issuers' strategic interests: renewable energy, construction, and transport. A forecast of the emission of green bonds for the period up to 2027 in various market segments has been developed. Despite the different names and investment directions of GSSS bonds, they are a valuable tool both for achieving the goals of sustainable development and for the implementation of corporate social responsibility projects.