Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, because of its global impact in terms of social, health and economic consequences, activation of expertise, and production of public policies and rhetoric, constitutes a privileged object of analysis for sociology, with particular reference to the understanding of social transformations related to the modernization process. The debate on second modernity and global risk society undoubtedly offers effective keys for the sociological analysis of the pandemic. The essay, also in the light of some data on the spread of contagion and deaths due to COVID-19, with reference to specific contexts such as Brazil and the United States of America, offers a critical reading of the global risk society thesis starting from the post-colonial and decolonial debate. In particular, within an emancipatory social science perspective, the elements of inequality and exclusion that are operating as decisive factors for the sociological understanding of the pandemic phenomenon are brought into focus. To this end, reflections on the forms of inequality at the level of the modern world-economy, on the permanence of structures of hegemony and subalternity based on the “coloniality of power” and on the action of forms of “colonial sociability” and “territorial stigmatization” offer a fertile ground of debate for the analysis and understanding of the unequal consequences of the pandemic and the struggles for right to health.
Este artículo profundiza en el derecho a la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando su impacto en términos de desigualdades sociales. La primera sección introduce conceptos extraídos del enfoque de la sociedad de riesgo global, señalando algunas de sus limitaciones para un análisis efectivo de las formas de exclusión social durante la pandemia. La principal afirmación es que la lógica de las desigualdades surgidas en la pandemia de COVID-19 puede ser interpretada más eficazmente a la luz de la sociología poscolonial y decolonial, con referencia a los conceptos de colonialidad del poder (Quijano) y, concretamente, de sociabilidad colonial (Santos). El camino propuesto es poner en diálogo dichos conceptos junto con los de marginalidad avanzada y estigmatización territorial (Wacquant). Dichos enfoques son útiles para comprender algunos datos sobre la propagación de contagios y muertes por COVID-19 en los contextos de Brasil y Estados Unidos de América, contagios y muertes que han afectado de manera especialmente crítica a territorios concretos de marginalidad avanzada y expuestos a procesos de estigmatización. Analizando caminos concretos para la desestigmatización territorial, el artículo también reflexiona sobre la tarea emancipadora de un análisis sociológico de las desigualdades en la era de la pandemia de la COVID-19.
Publisher
Onati International Institute for the Sociology of Law
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1. Introduction;Oñati Socio-Legal Series;2024-06-03