Differential Modulation of Markers of Oxidative Stress and Glycation of Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Edible Oils Rich in Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on antioxidant capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To this end, a total of 114 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized into three groups supplemented with fish oil (n = 42), flax seed oil (n = 35), or corn oil (n = 37) for 180 days. The serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin significantly decreased in the fish oil group. The concentration of malondialdehyde in the fish oil, flax seed oil, and corn oil groups increased significantly, while superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased after 180 days (P ‹ 0.001), but no significant changes were observed when compared between any two among the three groups at day 180. The level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased after corn oil application. In addition, 8-isoprostane was significantly increased, whereas the protein carbonyl concentration in the fish oil group was visibly decreased. Dietary supplementation with fish oil, flax seed oil, and corn oil increased lipoprotein peroxidation, but reduced protein peroxidation, which provide a potential remedy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.