Comparison of One-Year Postinjury Mobility Outcomes Between Locomotor Training and Usual Care After Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Objectives To compare 1-year mobility outcomes of individuals with traumatic motor incomplete spinal cord injury (miSCI) who participated in standardized locomotor training (LT) within the first year of injury to those who did not. Methods This retrospective case-control analysis conducted with six US rehabilitation hospitals used SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) data comparing 1-year postinjury outcomes between individuals with miSCI who participated in standardized LT to those who received usual care (UC). Participants were matched on age, gender, injury year, mode of mobility, and rehabilitation center. The primary outcome is the FIM Total Motor score. Other outcomes include the FIM Transfer Index, FIM Stairs, and self-reported independence with household mobility, community mobility, and stairs. Results LT participants reported significantly better FIM Total Motor (difference = 2.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.896, 17.282) and FIM Transfer Index scores (difference = 0.958, 95% CI = 0.993, 4.866). No significant between-group differences were found for FIM Stairs (difference = 0.713, 95% CI = -0.104, 1.530) or self-reported household mobility (odds ratio [OR] = 5.065, CI = 1.435, 17.884), community mobility (OR = 2.933, 95% CI = 0.868, 9.910), and stairs (OR = 5.817, 95% CI = 1.424, 23.756) after controlling for multiple comparisons. Conclusion LT participants reported significantly greater improvements in primary and secondary measures of mobility and independence (FIM Total Motor score; FIM Transfer Index) compared to UC participants. Self-reported mobility outcomes were not significant between groups.