Improvement of boron-doped graphene material as an anode candidate for sustainable energy storage based lithium batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly employed as energy providers for porTable electronic gadgets due to their noTable characteristics, which encompass a substantial energy storage capacity, exceptional efficiency, and lightweight design. Nonetheless, it's worth noting that current commercially available LIBs continue to confront challenges, such as comparatively lower power density and a shorter overall cycle life when compared to other significant electrochemical energy storage alternatives. This research describes the method of making graphene derived from graphite and making anodes used in lithium-ion battery applications. The process of making graphene is that graphite is weighed as much as 7 grams, then mixed into a solution of H2SO4 and H3PO4 in a ratio (9:1) of 840 mL H2SO4 and 93.8 mL H3PO4. The next process is stirring using magnetic stirrer for 6 hours at 1000 rpm and added slowly KMnO4 42 grams to solution. The resulting solution was then mixed using ice cubes added with H2O2 (2800 mL and 21 mL), then the solution was filtrated using filter paper. The next process is washing, the solution that has been filtered is then washed using deionized water (1400 mL), ethanol (1400 mL). The sample was then dried by allowing it to stand at room temperature for 12 hours. After that, the process of making battery anodes by mixing 5 grams of graphene with boron acid solutions (0.5 M and 1 M) as much as 100 ml and then given hydrothermal treatment to the sample. Anodes of GO, BrGO 0.5 M, BrGO 1 M has the potential to enhance the perform of lithium-ion batteries. In the FTIR test results, it is known that B-C bond is found at a peak of 1222 cm-1 and the B-O bond at a peak of 1454 cm-1. XRD testing shows the crystal size of GO is 4.55 nm, BrGO 0.5 is 3.89 nm, and BrGO 1 shows a sample size of 3.19 nm