Ablation of RNA interference and retrotransposons accompany acquisition and evolution of transposases to heterochromatin protein CENPB

Author:

Upadhyay Udita1,Srivastava Suchita2,Khatri Indu3,Nanda Jagpreet Singh4,Subramanian Srikrishna5,Arora Amit6,Singh Jagmohan2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anesthesiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136

2. Yeast Epigenetic Regulation Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India

3. Department of Medicine and Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215

4. Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106

5. Protein Evolution Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India

6. Microbial Type Culture Collection, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India

Abstract

Inactivation of retrotransposons is accompanied by the emergence of centromere-binding protein-B (CENPB) in Schizosaccharomyces, as well as in metazoans. The RNA interference (RNAi)-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex, comprising chromodomain protein-1 (Chp1), Tas3 (protein with unknown function), and Argonaute (Ago1), plays an important role in RNAi-mediated heterochromatinization. We find that whereas the Ago1 subunit of the RITS complex is highly conserved, Tas3 is lost and Chp1 is truncated in Schizosaccharomyces cryophilus and Schizosaccharomyces octosporus. We show that truncated Chp1 loses the property of heterochromatin localization and silencing when transformed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, multiple copies of CENPB, related to Tc1/mariner and Tc5 transposons, occur in all Schizosaccharomyces species, as well as in humans, but with loss of transposase function (except Schizosaccharomyces japonicus). We propose that acquisition of Tc1/mariner and Tc5 elements by horizontal transfer in S. pombe (and humans) is accompanied by alteration of their function from a transposase/endonuclease to a heterochromatin protein, designed to suppress transposon expression and recombination. The resulting redundancy of RITS may have eased the selection pressure, resulting in progressive loss or truncation of tas3 and chp1 genes in S. octosporus and S. cryophilus and triggered similar evolutionary dynamics in the metazoan orthologues.

Publisher

American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)

Subject

Cell Biology,Molecular Biology

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