APPLICATIONS USED IN TREATMENT AGAINST CHEMICAL WEAPONS AND BIOTERRORISM

Abstract

Objective: In the present study, the chemical and physical properties of various chemical warfare agents, general information about medical protection methods, current analysis methods equipment, decontamination techniques and pharmaceutical formulations used when exposed to chemical agents will be discussed. Result and Discussion: Among weapons of mass destruction, chemical warfare agents are one of the most brutal dangers posed to humanity compared to biological and nuclear weapons. These war agents can be produced easily, cheaply and can cause mass casualties in small amounts with chemicals that are easily obtained in our daily lives, even by small terrorist groups. Chemical warfare agents can enter the body through various routes; and symptoms may vary accordingly. When inhaled, gases, vapors and aerosols can be absorbed through any part of the respiratory tract, from the mucosa of the nose and mouth to the alveoli of the lungs. The eye may able to absorb these agents directly. Liquid droplets and solid particles can be absorbed from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Toxic compounds that have a characteristic effect on the skin can demonstrate their effects when they accumulate on the skin as solid or liquid particles. The vapors of some volatile substances can penetrate intact skin and subsequently cause poisoning. Wounds or abrasions are more permeable than intact skin. Chemical warfare agents can contaminate food and beverages and absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. While chemical warfare agents penetrate through various transmucosal routes, they can cause irritation or damage to the surfaces. In addition, toxic substances can pollute groundwater, leaking into the environment by soil and air and cause long-term harmful effects on living organisms.