Chinese Foreign Relations Grand Strategies: From Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping

Abstract

The importance of the article is the fact or of increasing political, economic, and military power of the People’s Republic of China; the extremely sharp confrontation between China and the United States in foreign policy and economics; political and economic destabilization of European countries in the context of the Ukrainian crisis (2014–2022) et al. The purpose of the article is to show the evolution of a grand foreign policy strategy from 1949 to the present. Since the early 2000s Chinese scientific community and scholars from other countries are discussing new foreign policy concepts, such as China’s peaceful rise, peaceful development, harmonious world, Community with a shared future for mankind, and other modern diplomatic theories and initiatives. There is still a number of interrelated important questions that need to be answered: how China’s grand strategy is being implemented and how effective it is; are the strategies of previous generation leaders Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping at present still relevant? The leading method is the historical-comparative one, which made it possible to compare strategies in the Chinese historical focus. The study found significant changes in both diplomatic work and foreign policy practice, which is characterized by decisiveness, activity and is less filled with successive content.