About the possibility of rehabilitation of athletes with fractures of the bones of the lower extremities (literature review)

Abstract

Relevance. People involved in professional sports quite often encounter injuries. Thus, one of the main problems of modern traumatology and rehabilitation medicine is sports traumatism, which accounts for 2 to 7 % of all injuries.Objective: to analyze the available and modern methods of rehabilitation of athletes with fractures of the bones of the lower extremities.Materials and methods. In the course of the present study, we reviewed the literature data reflecting the current views on the problem of rehabilitation of athletes with fractures of lower limb bones.Results. Successful recovery of athletes and early return to the training process is largely determined by optimally selected rehabilitation measures. There is no unified algorithm in rehabilitation of athletes; the choice of tactics depends on a number of factors, such as localization and severity of the fracture, surgical and conservative treatment performed, individual characteristics of the athlete, and the desired result. The optimal algorithm is a combination of classical rehabilitation measures, which include therapeutic physical training, diet therapy, psychotherapy and physical therapy procedures such as massage, taping, low-frequency magnetic therapy, UHF in low-heat doses, electrophoresis of analgesics, calcium and phosphorus drugs and thermotherapy.Conclusion. All rehabilitation measures are aimed at gradual increase of physical load on the injured limb and strengthening the musculoskeletal system by improving tissue trophism, muscle tone, activation of metabolic processes as well as pain reduction and stimulation of regeneration of injured tissues. The adaptation basis of rehabilitation is the model of control of movements ("control-chaos continuum"), which provides the prevention of complications and re-injuries. Rational nutritional therapy contributes to increasing muscle mass and preventing the accumulation of fat mass. When choosing rehabilitation measures, the nature of the chosen treatment and objectives are taken into account, so that the choice of rehabilitation measures is made on an individual basis, in order to achieve the best possible results in a short period of time. Adequately chosen rehabilitation measures allow athletes to safely return to their original physical performance and reduce the risk of re-injury.