THE ANATOMY OF STRUCTURES OF THE KNEE JOINT AT DEFORMING ARTHROSIS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF VITAL AND POST-VITAL STUDIES

Abstract

In the anatomical part of the study on 50 non-embalmed and 50 polymer-embalmed anatomical preparations of the knee joint of an adult were studied the degenerative-dystrophic changes in the bone and auxiliary elements of the knee joint with deforming arthrosis of the I and III stage. The objects of the clinical part of the study were patients with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the knee joint of varying severity who underwent x-ray examination (150 people), magnetic resonance imaging (60 people), diagnostic arthroscopy (35 people). For determine the stage of gonarthrosis in patients, the classification of N.S. Kosinskaya (1961) was used. Identified in the study of anatomical preparations of the knee joint with I stage of gonarthrosis degenerative-dystrophic changes were present in all patients with a similar severity of arthrosis of the knee joint and were confirmed by the results of their additional examination. It study is shown that for the diagnosis of degenerative meniscus ruptures and degenerative changes in the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint, the most informative method is magnetic resonance imaging, and diagnostic arthroscopy does not provide an exhaustive diagnosis of these manifestations. The performed comparison of vital and post-vital morphological manifestations of I stage gonarthrosis, as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of the applied diagnostic techniques convincingly indicates the need for this category of patients to perform x-ray studies and magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint. When performing magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint with III stage gonarthrosis trabecular edema of varying severity was found, localized mainly in the subchondral bone tissue of the internal condyles of the tibia and femur, and signs of avascular necrosis of the condyle of the condyle were revealed. The analysis of the intravital diagnostic methods used in patients with III stage gonarthrosis and comparing their results with the data of anatomical studies of knee joint preparations with the same stage of the degenerative-dystrophic process, indicated sufficient visualization capabilities of each from presented methods for additional examination.