Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their adverse health effects: A review of current knowledge and the Nigerian situation

Abstract

Exposure of humans to certain natural or synthetic chemicals known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter different levels of different endocrine functions ranging from synthesis to hormonal actions to metabolism. This disruption may have severe effects on human physiology and health. Some effects may be delayed, only manifesting across generations. The EDCs are ubiquitous in household, pharmaceutical, and industrial products; therefore, humans of all classes, ages, and sexes are readily exposed to several of them over a lifetime. Their harmful effects are believed to occur more in women and children. There is a growing concern among scientists and governments about the adverse effects of EDCs on humans. This has led to a steadily expanding body of research globally on the subject. However, studies investigating possible adverse health effects of EDCs in our country appear negligible. Also, there seems to be no coherent policy thrust from the government for regulating the introduction of EDCs into our environment. This narrative review aimed to provide an overview of the present scientific knowledge about EDCs and the relationships between them and public health and explore the attitude and experience of Nigerian researchers and policymakers about the emerging threat of EDCs and make recommendations for future research and policy direction.