Application of the X-Ray Two-Exposure Stress Measuring Technique to a Carburized Steel

Abstract

X-ray stress factors for a carburized steel were determined experimentally as a function of tempering temperature from loaded cantilever specimens . The standard X-ray stress expressions were modified to account for both the applied calibrating stresses and the biaxial residual stresses present in the surface of these specimens. The resulting equations permitted calculation of the ﹛ 211 ﹜ stress - free interplanar spacing, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio from the X-ray data.Tempering to higher temperatures reduced significantly the surface residual compressive stresses and stress - free spacing. The change in spacing with tempering of these specimens must be considered when determining elastic stresses by the one-exposure X-ray technique. Tempering also produced a linear relationship between the tempered hardness and ﹛ 211 ﹜ interplanar spacing.