Temporal coherence of harmonic frequencies affects echo detection in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus

Abstract

Echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) broadcast frequency modulated (FM) ultrasonic pulses containing two prominent harmonic sweeps (FM1, FM2). Both harmonics typically return as echoes at the same absolute time delay following the broadcast, making them coherent. Electronically splitting FM1 and FM2 allows their time delays to be controlled separately, making them non-coherent. Earlier work shows that big brown bats discriminate coherent from split harmonic, non-coherent echoes and that disruptions of harmonic coherence produce blurry acoustic images. A psychophysical experiment on two trained big brown bats tested the hypothesis that detection thresholds for split harmonic, non-coherent echoes are higher than those for coherent echoes. Thresholds of the two bats for detecting 1-glint echoes with coherent harmonics were around 35 and 36 dB sound pressure level, respectively, while thresholds for split harmonic echoes were about 10 dB higher. When the delay of FM2 in split harmonic echoes is shortened by 75 μs to offset neural amplitude-latency trading and restore coherence in the auditory representation, thresholds decreased back down to those estimated for coherent echoes. These results show that echo detection is affected by loss of harmonic coherence, consistent with the proposed broader role of coherence across frequencies for auditory perception.