Lead-vocal level in recordings of popular music 1946–2020

Author:

Gerdes Karsten1,Siedenburg Kai1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Physics and Acoustics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg , Oldenburg, Germany karsten.gerdes@uol.de , kai.siedenburg@uol.de

Abstract

Lead vocals constitute the central element of popular music. Here, the lead-vocal-to-accompaniment level ratio (LAR) was estimated from representative recordings of popular music. Measuring the LAR from 1946 to 2020, two distinct phases were observed: the average LAR decreased from around 5 dB to 1 dB until around 1975 but remained static from thereon. Comparing the LAR across musical genres, positive values were observed for Country, Rap, and Pop, values around zero for Rock, and negative values for Metal. Solo artists featured consistently higher LAR values compared to bands. These results establish a baseline for a central aspect of music mixing.

Funder

Volkswagen Foundation

Publisher

Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Reference20 articles.

1. Billboard (2023). https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/ (Last viewed November 18, 2021).

2. Listening in the mix: Lead vocals robustly attract auditory attention in popular music;Front. Psychol.,2021

3. Music mixing preferences of cochlear implant recipients: A pilot study;Int. J. Audiology,2014

4. Catching the lyrics;Music Perception,2015

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