Kurtosis analysis of sounds from down-the-hole pile installation and the implications for marine mammal auditory impairment

Abstract

Sounds from down-the-hole pile installation contain both impulsive and non-impulsive components. Kurtosis values ( β) were determined for two datasets to investigate the impulsiveness of piling sounds. When the hammer struck the pile(s), β was 21–30 at 10 m and approximately 10 at 200 m. When the hammer was used for drilling without contacting the pile, β was 4–6 at all distances. These findings suggest that a simple dichotomy of classifying sounds as impulsive or non-impulsive may be overly simplistic for assessing marine mammal auditory impacts and studies investigating the impacts from complex sound fields are needed.