Prevalence and antibiogram of shigatoxin-producing E. coli in camel meat and offal

Abstract

Background: Camels are important animals in Egypt and other Arab countries on the basis of the economic value and ethnic culture. E. coli is implicated in several gastrointestinal infections and outbreaks worldwide, especially in developing counties. It causes infections that might lead to death. Numerous biological activities, such as antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and diuretic, are associated with coriander and coriander essential oils. Aim: This work targeted investigation of the prevalence, antibiogram, and occurrence of virulence genes of E. coli in camel meat liver, and kidney. Besides, the anti-E. coli activity of coriander oil was further examined. Methods: Camel meat, liver and kidneys were collected from local markets of Egypt. Isolation and identification of E. coli were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the obtained E. coli isolates was screened using the disk diffusion assay. To detect presence of virulence-associated genes (stx1, stx2, eaeA and hylA gens), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Experimental trial was done to investigate the anti-E. coli activity of coriander oil. Results: The obtained results revealed isolation of the following E. coli pathotypes: O17:H18, O128:H2, O119:H6, O103:H4, O145:H-, and O121:H7. The recovered E. coli isolates practiced multidrug resistance profiling with higher resistance towards Erythromycin, Nalidixic Acid, Clindamycin, and Ampicillin. But the isolates were sensitive to Meropenem, Cefoxitin. The recovered isolates had expressed different virulence attributes. Coriander oil 2% could significantly reduce E. coli O128 count in camel meat by 65%. Conclusion: Therefore, strict hygienic measures are highly recommended during processing of camel meat. The use of coriander oil during camel meat processing is highly recommended to reduce E. coli count.