Excretory-Secretory Products of Trichomonas vaginalis Cause Apoptosis in Mouse Sperm in Vitro

Abstract

Excretory-secretory products (ESP) of <i>T. vaginalis</i> have been shown to inhibit sperm motility, viability, and functional integrity, leading to a decreased fertilization rate in vitro. This study investigated whether <i>T. vaginalis</i> induce apoptosis and ultrastructural changes of sperm using flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Incubation of sperm with <i>T. vaginalis</i> ESP increased phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Transmission electron microscopy of sperm incubated with ESP revealed abnormal features such as distorted heads, broken necks, and acrosomes exocytosis. This is the first report that demonstrates a direct impact of <i>T. vaginalis</i> ESP on sperm apoptosis and architecture in vitro.