Antimalarial Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Strychnos ligustrina and Its Combination with Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine Phosphate (DHP) against Plasmodium berghei Infection

Abstract

The development of drug resistance is one of the most severe concerns of malaria control because it increases the risk of malaria morbidity and death. A new candidate drug with antiplasmodial activity is urgently needed. This study evaluated the efficacy of different dosages of aqueous extract of <i>Strychnos ligustrina</i> combined with dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine phosphate (DHP) against murine <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> infection. The BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 10 mice. The growth inhibition of compounds against <i>P. berghei</i> was monitored by calculating the percentage of parasitemia. The results showed that the mice receiving aqueous extract and combination treatment showed growth inhibition of <i>P. berghei</i> in 74% and 94%, respectively. <i>S. ligustrina</i> extract, which consisted of brucine and strychnine, effectively inhibited the multiplication of <i>P. berghei</i>. The treated mice showed improved hematology profiles, body weight, and temperature, as compared to control mice. Co-treatment with <i>S. ligustrina</i> extract and DHP revealed significant antimalarial and antipyretic effects. Our results provide prospects for further discovery of antimalarial drugs that may show more successful chemotherapeutic treatment.