Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland

Abstract

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; <em>Glomales</em>, <em>Zygomycetes</em>) associated with plants growing in sand dune soils of the Blędowska Desert, Poland, was investigated in 1995-1997. A total of 134 mixtures of soils and roots were sampled. The mixtures represented 26 plant species in 14 families and one unrecognized plant. Spores of AMF were found in 118 soil-root mixtures. The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species of the genera <em>Acaulospora</em>, <em>Gigaspora</em>, <em>Glomus</em> and <em>Scutellospora</em>, as well as two undescribed morphospecies of the genus <em>Glomus</em>. The AMF most frequently occurring in the field-collected soils were members of the genus <em>Scutellospora</em> The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species in the genera <em>Acaulospora</em>, <em>Gigaspora</em>, <em>Glomus</em> and <em>Scutellospora</em>, as well as two undescribed morpho-species of the genus <em>Glomus</em>. The fungal species most frequently and numerously found was <em>Scutellospora armeniaca</em>. The fungi relatively frequently present also were <em>A. rugosa</em>, <em>A. lacunosa</em>, <em>G. aggregatum</em>, an undescribed <em>Glomus</em> 142 and <em>Sc. dipurpurescens</em>. The overall spore abundance of AMF averaged 69.1 and ranged from 0 to 837 in 100 g dry soil. The highest abundance of spores occurred among roots of the families <em>Cupressaceae</em>, followed by the <em>Rosaceae</em>, <em>Asteraceae</em> and <em>Poaceae</em>. Of the plant species investigated two and more times, most spores harboured <em>Juniperus communis</em>. The overall average species richness was 2.4 and ranged from 0 to 6 in 100 g dry soil. Of the plant species sampled at lest two times, the highest average species diversity was found in the root zone of <em>Salix arenaria</em>. The plant species that hosted the highest overall number of species of AMF was <em>Festuca rubra</em>. Trap pot cultures with soilroot mixtures collected in 1997 revealed 10 species of AMF that were not found in field soils sampled in the same year. This suggests that a great part of AMF of Błędowska Desert is represented by rarely or non-sporulating species.