Facing global markets – usage changes in Western Amazonian plants: the example of Euterpe precatoria Mart. and E. oleracea Mart.

Abstract

Palms (Arecaceae) are one of the most important families of useful plants, and indigenous societies have developed very distinct ways of utilizing this resource. The clonal <em>Euterpe oleracea </em>Mart. has long been used for the preparation of frothy beverages in the eastern Amazon, in particular by colonists and caboclos, but to a much lesser extent by the indigenous population. <em>Euterpe precatoria </em>Mart., which grows in the western Amazon, is traditionally reported as resource for construction and thatch, but not as important species in alimentation. Our recent work indicates that the use of both species has dramatically shifted in the recent past. Prices for <em>Euterpe </em>products have increased dramatically due to the global commodization first of palm hearts and “Açaí berry juice” as nutritional supplement. This is especially evident in western Amazonia: In Bolivia and Peru, where older indigenous informants mostly reported thatch and houseposts as regular use for <em>E. precatoria </em>and did not know <em>E. oleracea</em>. Younger informants most commonly reported to a large extent on <em>E. precatoria </em>being used for the production of palm hearts, but less for other, while the youngest informants in many cases only knew <em>E. precatoria </em>fruits as source of beverages, as commercial fruit, and as source for handicrafts, and indicated that <em>E. oleracea </em>was being introduced because the species yielded higher harvests. In addition, many mid-age and younger informants reported <em>Euterpe </em>sp. as medicinal species, a less frequently mentioned by older informants. The local mestizo population in contrast had a broader distributed knowledge with regard to “food” uses of <em>Euterpe </em>sp., and mentioned the species as source of construction material less frequently.