Semi-permeable layer formation during seed development in Elymus nutans and Elymus sibiricus

Abstract

<p>The semi-permeable layer is a layer in the seeds of certain plants that restricts or impedes the exchange of the solute while allowing the permeability of internal and external water and gas, which is valuable protection to sustain the health and secure the growth, development and germination. In this study, the formation time and location of the semi-permeable layer in seed coats of <em>Elymus nutants</em> (Griseb.) and <em>Elymus sibiricus</em> (L.) were investigated. The experimental seed materials were gathered in the field from the flowering to seed maturation. The light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for lanthanum nitrate identification were used to examine the characteristics of pericarp, seed coat and nucellus. The results showed that the semi-permeable layer was identified as the position, which can inhibit the penetration of the lanthanum, and it was checked as an amorphous membrane located at the outermost layer of the seed coat that is firmly attached to the seed coat. With seed development, the cells had differentiated and some parts of the ovary and the outer integument had disappeared. The semi-permeable layer originated from the outer layer of the inner integument, which was the original form of the seed coat. It can be stained by the Sudan III and clearly distinguished from other parts of the seed. The formation time of the semi-permeable layer in both species was nearly at 10 to 12 days post-anthesis (dpa), whereas seed physiological maturity was 24 to 26 dpa.</p>