Minimizing cortical disturbance to access ventricular subependymoma – A novel approach utilizing spinal minimally invasive tubular retractor system

Abstract

Background: Subependymomas are rare benign tumors found primarily in the lateral and fourth ventricles. Patients become symptomatic when the tumor obstructs cerebrospinal fluid pathways. We present a novel minimally invasive technique for lateral ventricular subependymoma resection. Case Description: A 57-year-old male presented after a period of progressive ataxia, right upper extremity tremor, and syncopal events. Emergent non-contrast computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a lobulated mass in the left lateral ventricle causing moderate-to-severe obstructive hydrocephalus. Emergent ventriculostomy was placed as a temporizing measure. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) illustrated a large benign appearing mass causing obstruction of the left foramen of Monroe. A small craniotomy was performed utilizing previous ventriculostomy twist hole. The left lateral ventricle was accessed through sequential dilation of ventriculostomy tract using a minimally invasive spine surgery tubular system. Tumor was resected en bloc under microscopic assistance. The patient had an excellent outcome with return to baseline mental status and was discharged from the hospital postoperative day 1. Follow-up MRI demonstrated gross total resection of the mass and decreasing lateral ventricle hydrocephalus with minimal cortical disturbance. Conclusion: A minimally invasive tubular system approach to ventricular tumors can be utilized to minimize cortical resection and brain retraction. Minimally invasive surgery also has the potential to decrease the length of stay and enhance postoperative recovery.