Severe hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting: The problem overcome with a transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker

Abstract

Background: Carotid angioplasty stenting (CAS) may have adverse events including perioperative hemodynamic depression. A transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker (TTCP) is an option for preventing devastating sequelae due to circulatory failure. An exploration of the predictors of hemodynamic depression following CAS is valuable for selecting candidates for preoperative TTCP implantation before CAS. Case Description: An 84-year-old man underwent CAS for asymptomatic left carotid severe stenosis. He had no history of bradycardia arrhythmia. A TTCP was implanted in advance in view of the likelihood of perioperative hemodynamic depression. CAS was accomplished successfully, but severe hypotension and vanishing of self-heartbeat occurred about 90 min after the procedure. By activating the pre-implanted TTCP, spontaneous circulation was readily recovered with vasopressor administration. He was discharged with no additional neurological deficits. A literature review using a random effect model found that smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.52) and severely calcified plaque (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.15–6.35) were significant predictors of perioperative hemodynamic depression following CAS. Conclusion: TTCP can be recommended for a patient receiving CAS to prevent catastrophic consequences, particularly in cases with a history of smoking or severely calcified plaque.