Current updates on melasma treatments

Abstract

Melasma is a common chronic relapsing pigmentary disorder primarily affecting women. It is highly prevalent in the Indian skin type with a large psychological impact. Treatment is challenging with no cure available yet. Even so, treatment modalities are many and varied-each promising more than the last. We analyzed the understanding of photoprotection, topical and oral treatments, and procedures such as microneedling, laser resurfacing, and peelings that serve as the primary methods for controlling and preventing this illness. While there are a few well established treatments such as hydroquinone and triple combination creams, side effects impede their long-term use. Safer alternatives have now come up which can be used for extended durations such as kojic acid, rucinol, and cysteamine cream. Lasers and light therapies have slowly become an essential component of melasma management. In this manuscript, we attempt to provide a critical and concise review of the current updates in melasma therapy.