Efficacy and safety of weekend cyclosporine treatment as maintenance therapy for preventing frequent disease exacerbations in moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis patients – A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease with predominant manifestations in the skin and joints impairing patient’s quality of life. A proportion of patients have frequent severe disease exacerbations requiring repeated systemic treatments. There is a scarcity of literature evaluating the role of systemic maintenance therapy in psoriasis patients in preventing such frequent disease flares. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekend cyclosporine treatment (WCT) as maintenance therapy in moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis patients for the prevention of frequent disease exacerbations. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 22 psoriasis patients with a history of frequent disease exacerbations (≥ 3 in the last 1 year) who were administered WCT (group A) were compared with the same number of matched patients (age and gender) not on WCT or any systemic maintenance therapy (group B). Results Four patients (18.2%) in group A had disease exacerbations which was significantly lower (p = 0.00, Fisher’s exact test) as compared to 21 patients (95.5%) in group B during the study period. Also, patients in group A had significantly lower number of overall exacerbations [mean ± SD: 0.23 ± 0.53 vs 2.95 ± 1.43) p = 0.00, Mann–Whitney U test] as compared to group B. Four (9.1%) patients in group A encountered adverse effects (acneiform eruptions – two, mild gingival hyperplasia – one, myalgia – one) as compared to three (acneiform eruptions – two, headache – one) in group B (p = 1.00). Conclusion WCT significantly reduced the number of disease exacerbations and is a safe and effective mode of maintenance therapy in such subset of psoriasis patients.