Evolution of the Indian population through the ages

Abstract

The Indian subcontinent is synonymous with increased genetic diversity essentially attributed to migratory forces. Many theories that provide different perspectives regarding the current nature of the Indian subpopulation have been proposed. Each of these theories is equally insightful albeit contradictory in nature. Thus, there is ambiguity in terms of tracing the course taken by individuals forming the Indian subpopulation. A comparative analysis of the pre-existing hierarchal caste system and primitive Europeans, matrilineal factors, and increased incidence of population bottlenecks gives an insight into plausible theories that could have led to infringement across the borders of the Indian subcontinent. The Aryan exodus forms the crux of various migratory theories along with analysis of ancient DNA and Y-chromosome which are indicative of external infusion into the Indian gene pool. Thus, this review is a retrospective analysis based on concrete evidence generated from studies undertaken to map the evolution of population in the Indian context.