Novel approaches to treat primary hyperlipidemia

Abstract

Primary hyperlipidemias encompass a diverse range of genetic and multifactorial disorders characterized by heightened levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides, typically manifesting early in life and often linked with familial predisposition. Despite their significant cardiovascular and pancreatic implications, a minority of cases are correctly identified and managed. This review aims to provide an updated overview of emerging therapeutic interventions for primary hyperlipidemia. Recent approvals from regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have introduced novel lipid-lowering agents targeting key metabolic pathways. These include bempedoic acid, which inhibits adenosine 5'-triphosphates-citrate lyase, inclisiran, targeting proprotein convertase and subtilisin/kexin 9, addressing apolipoprotein CIII, and angiopoietin-like 3. Complementary to existing treatments such as statins, ezetimibe, and fibrates, these medications offer promising adjunctive effects. The potential clinical applications of these innovative therapies envisaging improved treatment outcomes and expanded options, particularly for patients who are facing negative consequences with current regimens. Integrating the new agents into the therapeutic armamentarium holds the potential to enhance treatment efficacy and safety profiles, advancing the administration of primary hyperlipidemia.