Knowledge, attitude, and prevention of self-medication practices among the general population of Gujarat

Abstract

Objectives: The practice of self-medication (SM) without consulting a health-care professional among the populace of both developed and developing countries like India may lead to a delay in therapeutic effectiveness. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of SM among the general population of Gujarat. Material and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 488 participants between April 2021 and May 2021 to evaluate the several aspects of SM. In April 2021, this study was conducted on both the genders of 18–80 years of urban and rural areas of Gujarat. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. The data presented in the form of percentages using tables and figures. The responses were collected and analyzed using GraphPad v.8 and Microsoft Excel for percentage and statistical significance. Results: Prevalence of SM was 78.3%. It was found to be practiced more among the younger age group (55.32%) than the older. Graduates practiced SM more than the others (P < 0.004). Significant association was found between its practice and residency (P < 0.03), marital status (P < 0.003), education (P < 0.004), and occupation (P < 0.0007). Fever, cough, and cold were the most common conditions noted for SM practice followed by headache. It was noticed that 63.5% participants were procured medications from pharmacy. Multivitamins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics were the most frequent medications used by participants. Conclusion: The prevalence of SM is alarming which causes serious health issues and needs an intervention. Planning of health awareness programs, educating people, and pharmacists are necessary for promoting rational use of medication.